Migraine is a common and recurrent neurological disorder in clinical practice, which is characterized by unilateral or bilateral throbbing severe pain that usually lasts for 4-72 hours. During an attack, autonomic symptoms may accompany, such as vomiting, nausea, pallor, tachycardia, rapid breathing, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. The prevalence of migraine in male to female patients is 1:3-4, with the age of onset mostly between 20 and 45 years old.
The ethology of migraine is not yet fully understood, but common causes include genetic factors, with about 60% of migraine patients having a family history of the condition, and their relatives having a risk of 3-6 times higher than the general population. Endocrine and metabolic factors also contribute to migraine, with females more commonly affected than males, and the onset often occurring during puberty and being more likely to happen during menstrual periods. Migraines may also decrease or stop during pregnancy or after menopause, indicating the involvement of endocrine and metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of migraine.
Migraine can be triggered by various factors, including-
emotional stress: anxiety, fatigue, tension and pressure
weather factors: cold, heat, sunlight, rain
life events: insomnia, excessive sleep, alcohol consumption, strong light
dietary factors: cheese, smoked meat, chocolate, monosodium glutamate, red wine, etc.
Migraine incidence is higher in individuals with mental labour than physical labour, with a higher incidence during the daytime than night-time.
The goal of migraine treatment is to relieve or terminate the headache attack, alleviate associated symptoms, and prevent headache recurrence.
Treatment includes-
drug and non-drug therapies:Drug therapy mainly includes Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, with Traditional Chinese Medicine mainly focusing on phlegm resolving, blood circulation promoting, and pain relief, while Western Medicine includes non-specific analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid drugs, as well as specific drugs such as ergot preparations and triptan drugs.
Non-drug therapy: mainly includes acupuncture, massage, magnetic therapy, oxygen therapy, and psychological counselling.
Currently, there is no specific method to cure migraines, but it can be controlled. So it is best to avoid various triggering factors during the interval between migraine attacks for prevention.
For example: avoid tyramine-containing foods. Tyramine is the main trigger that causes vasospasms and easily leads to headaches.
In addition to the foods mentioned above, this also includes citrus fruits, chicken liver, tomatoes, milk, lactose-containing drinks, etc.
Secondly, reducing alcohol consumption can help prevent headaches. All alcoholic beverages can trigger headaches, especially red wine, which contains more chemicals that can induce headaches.
Lastly, learning how to reduce stress and regular exercise is important for migraine sufferers.
Focusing on breathing training exercises (such as QiGong, yoga, etc.) can help stabilize the autonomic nervous system, reduce anxiety, muscle tension, and other symptoms. In summary, it is important to relax and create a quiet environment, maintain regular schedules for sleep and diet in daily life, as this is the key to preventing migraine attacks.
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